General View of Toledo from the Cross of the Canons - Bilbao Fine Arts Museum

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General View of Toledo from the Cross of the Canons

Pérez Villaamil, Jenaro

Ferrol, A Corunna, 03/02/1807-Madrid, 05/06/1854

Oil on canvas

90 x 110 cm

VILLA-AMIL (at the base of the column, in the lower right half)

1836

Second quarter of the 19th century

04/7

Acquired in 2004

The foreground of the composition presents a cross, inscribed at its base with the date and with the painter's signature, behind which are depicted a few of the buildings belonging to the convent of the Discalced Trinitarians, no longer standing. Some of the city's most emblematic monuments can be discerned in the background: on a hill to the left, San Servando castle and Alcántara bridge over the Tagus river; on the mountainside, the alcázar fortress, the tower of the cathedral and the Jesuit's dome; and lower down to the right, the Bisagra Door (also known as Door of Charles V) bearing the emperor's coat of arms. Villaamil makes use of a balanced range of colour dominated by sepia tones revealing a transparent and bituminous quality that heightens shadows and shapes most of the figures in the manner of a glaze. Everything appears bathed in the golden light of dusk and the remoteness is enveloped in a diaphanous atmosphere that confers the impression of mystery the painter captured so well. The light is emphasised by the spirited use of thick impasto brushstrokes. This is one of the best and more typical works of his early Romantic phase, which begun in 1833 under the influence of the Scottish painter David Roberts.

An excellent water-colourist and draughtsman, Villaamil published in Paris in 1842 España artística y monumental: Vistas y descripción de los sitios y monumentos más notables de España, one of the most beautiful of Spanish Romantic works that included lithographs based on his own drawings. In 1845 he was appointed professor of Landscape at the School of Fine Arts of San Fernando. An indefatigable traveller, Villaamil sought out picturesque spots in which to sketch from life, studies he subsequently developed in his atelier in Atocha street in Madrid. Villaamil obtained international acclaim and is considered to be the greatest exponent of Spanish Romantic landscape. [Ana Sánchez-Lassa]

Selected bibliography

  • Ossorio y Bernard, Manuel. Galería biográfica de artistas españoles del siglo XIX. Madrid, Giner, 1975. p. 528.
  • Arias Anglés, Enrique. El paisajista romántico Jenaro Pérez Villaamil. Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Historia del Arte Diego Velázquez, 1986. pp. 58, 213, n° cat. 34.
  • Tres grandes maestros del paisaje decimonónico español : Jenaro Pérez Villaamil, Carlos de Haes, Aureliano de Beruete [Cat. exp.]. Madrid, Ayuntamiento, Concejalía de Cultura, 1990. pp.186-187, n° cat. 4.
  • Arnáiz, José Manuel [dir.]. Cien años de pintura en España y Portugal, 1830-1930. Madrid, Antiquaria, vol. VIII, 1992. pp. 40-63.
  • Pinturas españolas y cubanas del siglo XIX : Museo Nacional de Cuba [Cat. exp.]. Salamanca, Caja Duero, 1999. p. 228.
  • "La ciudad pintada", Descubrir El Arte, n° 70. 2004. pp. 30-34.
  • Viar Olloqui, Javier. "Museo de Bellas Artes de Bibao", Album Letras Artes, n° 83. 2006. pp. 52-57.
  • Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao : guía. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2006. p. 97.
  • Musée des Beaux Arts de Bilbao : guide. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2006. p. 97.
  • Bilbao Fine Arts Museum : guide. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2006. p. 97.
  • De Goya a Gauguin : el siglo XIX en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao [Cat. exp.]. Valencia, Caja Duero, 2006. pp. 66-67, n° cat. 9.
  • De Goya a Gauguin : el siglo XIX en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao [Cat. exp.]. Salamanca, Caja Duero, 2006. pp. 66-67, n° cat. 9.
  • De Goya a Gauguin : el siglo XIX en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao [Cat. exp.]. Salamanca, Caja Duero, 2007. pp. 66-67, n° cat. 9.
  • Adquisiciones 02/07 [Cat. exp.]. Bilbao, Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2007. pp. 22-23, n° cat. 2.
  • Arias Anglés, Enrique. "Toledoko ikuspegi orokorra, Kalonjeen Gurutzetik Pérez Villaamilen lanean = La Vista general de Toledo desde la Cruz de los Canónigos en la obra de Pérez Villaamil = The General View of Toledo from the Cross of the Canons in Pérez Villaamil's oeuvre", B'07: Buletina = Boletín = Bulletin, n° 3. 2008. pp. 161-199.
  • De Goya a Gauguin : el siglo XIX en el Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao [Cat. exp.]. Bilbao, Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2008. pp. 154-156, n° cat. 17.
  • Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao : guía. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2011. p. 97, n° cat. 66.
  • Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa : gida. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2012. p. 97, n° cat. 66.
  • Musée des Beaux Arts de Bilbao : guide. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2014. p. 97.
  • Bilbao Fine Arts Museum : guide. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2014. p. 97.
  • Maestros : Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao . Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2016. pp. 70-71, il.
  • Maisuak : Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2016. pp. 70-71, il.
  • Masters : Bilbao Fine Arts Museum. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2016. pp. 70-71, il.
  • Maîtres : Musée des Beaux-Arts de Bilbao. Bilbao, Bilboko Arte Ederren Museoa-Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao, 2016. pp. 70-71, il.
  • "El Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao adquiere un cuadro de Pérez Villaamil y recibe donaciones de Beruete, Mir y Lagar", El Mundo. 25/02/2004.
  • "Volver la mirada al siglo XIX", El Correo. 14/04/2004.
  • "Paisaje romántico", El Correo. 28/02/2004.
  • "El Museo de BB.AA. de Bilbao se enriquece con un paisaje romántico de Villaamil", Deia. 28/02/2004.
  • "El Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao compra un paisaje de Pérez Villaamil", El País. 25/02/2004.
  • "El Bellas Artes de Bilbao adquiere una obra de Pérez Villaamil", Deia. 25/02/2004.
  • "Paisajes para el Bellas Artes", El Mundo. 28/02/2004.
  • "El Museo de Bellas Artes de Bilbao adquiere un cuadro de Pérez Villaamil", El Punto. 25/02/2004.